Key Legal Updates in Saudi Arabia’s Technology and Data Landscape

Introduction

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 continues to drive the nation’s digital transformation, with a strong focus on data, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and regulatory advancements. In 2024, several key legal updates reshaped the technology and data landscape, ensuring compliance with global standards and fostering innovation. This retrospective review highlights the major legal changes introduced in 2024 and their impact as we move into 2025.

1. Saudi Personal Data Protection Law (PDPL) Enforcement

The Saudi Personal Data Protection Law (PDPL) became fully enforceable by the Saudi Data and AI Authority (SDAIA) in September 2024. Organizations had a one-year grace period from its initial implementation in September 2023 to ensure compliance. The PDPL applies to both Saudi-based and international businesses handling Saudi residents’ personal data. As of 2025, businesses that failed to comply have faced penalties, highlighting the importance of thorough data governance and regulatory adherence.

2. Amendment to Data Transfer Regulations

In September 2024, SDAIA revised the Regulation on Personal Data Transfer Outside the Kingdom, aligning it with international standards like the EU GDPR. Businesses must now implement Standard Contractual Clauses (SCCs), Binding Corporate Rules (BCRs), or certificates of accreditation for data transfers. These changes have streamlined compliance processes but also placed additional obligations on companies operating in Saudi Arabia.

3. Implementation of Standard Contractual Clauses (SCCs) and BCR Guidelines

SDAIA introduced pre-approved SCCs in 2024 to ensure secure cross-border data transfers. These clauses became an essential tool for organizations needing to comply with PDPL requirements. Additionally, guidelines for implementing BCRs provided a framework for multinational corporations managing data transfers within their corporate groups.

4. Adoption of Generative AI Guidelines

SDAIA released two sets of guidelines on the responsible use of generative AI — one for government employees and another for the public. These guidelines, focusing on ethical considerations and best practices, played a significant role in shaping AI governance throughout 2024. As of 2025, compliance with these guidelines remains a priority for organizations leveraging AI technologies.

5. Data Protection Officer (DPO) Rules and Compliance

SDAIA established rules for appointing Data Protection Officers, detailing their responsibilities and the conditions under which a DPO is required. In 2024, many organizations appointed dedicated professionals to oversee data protection, reinforcing compliance efforts. Moving into 2025, adherence to these rules remains critical for businesses handling sensitive personal data.

6. National Registration of Controllers

New regulations required Saudi-based public entities and organizations processing sensitive data to register with SDAIA. This registration was crucial for accessing SDAIA’s services and fulfilling statutory data breach notification requirements. In 2025, maintaining compliance with these registration rules continues to be a necessity for regulated entities.

7. Expansion of Data Protection Guidelines

SDAIA issued various guidelines in 2024 to help businesses implement PDPL requirements. These included guidelines on Privacy Policies, Data Disclosure, Data Minimization, Anonymization, Pseudonymization, and Records of Processing Activities. Organizations that aligned with these recommendations strengthened their data protection measures, reducing legal risks in 2025.

8. Licensing of Managed Security Operations Centre (MSOC) Services

The National Cybersecurity Authority (NCA) introduced a regulatory framework for licensing Managed Security Operations Centre (MSOC) services. This framework set licensing tiers for cybersecurity service providers and mandated qualification certifications for analysts. As businesses adjusted to these requirements in 2024, cybersecurity compliance remains a focus in 2025.

9. Updates to Essential Cybersecurity Controls (ECCs)

The NCA revised its Essential Cybersecurity Controls (ECCs) in 2024, expanding the framework’s scope and introducing Saudization requirements. These changes enhanced cybersecurity resilience, and organizations continue to adapt to these updated controls in 2025 to maintain compliance and security integrity.

10. Enforcement of Digital Content Platform Services Regulations

The Communications, Space & Technology Commission (CST) implemented regulations for digital content platforms in January 2024, with a grace period ending in October 2024. Platforms distributing digital video, audio, gaming, and advertisements were required to obtain regulatory licenses. As of 2025, compliance with these regulations is now mandatory, impacting both domestic and international digital content providers operating in Saudi Arabia.

Conclusion

The regulatory landscape in Saudi Arabia underwent significant transformation in 2024, reinforcing the Kingdom’s commitment to digital transformation and data security. As we progress into 2025, businesses must stay updated on ongoing regulatory developments, ensuring compliance and leveraging new opportunities in the technology space. Proactively adapting to these legal changes will help organizations mitigate risks, enhance cybersecurity, and build trust among stakeholders in the evolving digital economy.